To improve the effects of solid-state sintering, Meng et al. (2019) regenerated waste lithium manganese phosphate batteries using a combination of mechanical liquid-phase activation and a single-step solid-state heat treatment. Instead of removing, they utilized the PVDF and conductive carbon black in the waste cathode materials. Ethanol served
Customer ServiceIn this review, we firstly analyze the primary causes for the failure of three representative battery cathodes (lithium iron phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide and lithium cobalt oxide), targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism and
Customer ServiceLixiviant-containing food wastes (such as citrus fruits, apples, grapes, tamarinds) can be utilized in the leaching process of hydrometallurgical method to extract the valuable components of lithium-ion battery.
Customer ServiceThis paper addresses the environmental burdens (energy consumption and air emissions, including greenhouse gases, GHGs) of the material prodn., assembly, and recycling of automotive Li-ion batteries in hybrid elec., plug-in hybrid elec., and battery elec. vehicles (BEV) that use LiMn2O4 cathode material. In this anal., the authors calcd. the
Customer Serviceques, the flue gas recirculation (FGR) technique was proposed in the 1990s, and it was developed based on the principle that portions of the waste gases are recycled to the sintering bed (Rainer et al., 2013). When using the FGR technique, the gas flow passing through the sintering bed changes from air to FGR gas. Differing from NOx, SO
Customer ServiceIn this review, we firstly analyze the primary causes for the failure of three representative battery cathodes (lithium iron phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide
Customer ServiceBy recovering valuable materials from spent batteries, recycling reduces the need for raw material extraction, conserves resources, and minimizes waste generation. Additionally, recycling enables the recovery of critical
Customer ServiceBy recovering valuable materials from spent batteries, recycling reduces the need for raw material extraction, conserves resources, and minimizes waste generation. Additionally, recycling enables the recovery of critical metals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which can be reused in new battery production, thus creating a closed-loop system
Customer ServiceSustainable battery production with low environmental footprints requires a systematic assessment of the entire value chain, from raw material extraction and processing to battery production and recycling. In order to explore and understand the variations observed in the reported footprints of raw battery materials, it is vital to re-assess the
Customer ServiceBy delving into the fundamental principles of sintering, we illustrate the substantial potential of these innovative methods in shaping the future of energy storage
Customer ServiceThis paper addresses the environmental burdens (energy consumption and air emissions, including greenhouse gases, GHGs) of the material prodn., assembly, and recycling of automotive Li-ion batteries in
Customer ServiceIn small electronic devices, LIBs can last about three years, and about four to ten years in larger devices. The amounts of LIBs utilized in tiny devices are more than 80 %, while less than 20 % are utilized in storage systems and electric vehicles [9] 2012, the total estimate of disposed LIBs was about 10,700 tons [10].The amount has risen annually surpassing an
Customer ServiceSustainable battery production with low environmental footprints requires a systematic assessment of the entire value chain, from raw material extraction and processing to battery production and recycling. In order to
Customer ServiceIron and steel production process contains many processes, such as coking, sintering (pelleting), ironmaking, steelmaking and steel rolling etc. Each process will produce a large number of redundant and waste heat. In the energy flow, mainly carbon flow, coke plays a very important role. Sintering process, pelletizing process and blast furnace ironmaking
Customer ServiceAiming for the reuse of the sensible heat and a reduction in the cost of end-of-pipe cleaning techniques, the flue gas recirculation (FGR) technique was proposed in the 1990s, and it was developed based on the principle that portions of the waste gases are recycled to the sintering bed (Rainer et al., Citation 2013). When using the FGR technique, the gas flow
Customer ServiceMeanwhile, rational utilization of spent power lithium-ion batteries can reduce the production of new batteries which reduce energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions
Customer ServiceThese efforts are crucial for minimizing waste, reducing the demand for virgin materials, and lessening the environmental impact of battery production . Establishing a circular economy for battery materials where components are reused and recycled becomes an essential goal for sustainable battery technology [ 21 ].
Customer Service1-standard gas 2-shaft furnace 3-steam production 4-gas mix-ing room 5-sealer cover 6-hearth layer 7,9-flue gas analyzer 8-air gas Fig. 1. Simulation of sintering process with flue gas recirculation. Table 1. Chemical composition of raw materials and their per-cents in mixture/mass%. Raw materials TFe SiO 2 CaO MgO Al 2O 3 FeO LOI Ratio
Customer ServiceLixiviant-containing food wastes (such as citrus fruits, apples, grapes, tamarinds) can be utilized in the leaching process of hydrometallurgical method to extract the
Customer ServiceHe identified the combination of MgO as a sintering aid and hydrogen atmosphere as a suitable method to eliminate gas from pores by increasing the sintering rate and suppressing discontinuous grain growth, in order to reach transparency. In later studies it has been shown that in the case of Al 2 O 3 it is possible to produce fully dense ceramics even
Customer ServiceExtensive applications inevitably lead to a substantial amount of waste LFP batteries, which pose potential threats such as The charging and discharging principle of LFP batteries is shown in Fig. 2. Download: Download high-res image (269KB) Download: Download full-size image; Fig. 2. LIBs components, charge and discharge process and lithium-ion
Customer ServiceFlue gas recirculation (FGR) was proposed as a functional way, which can directly reduce the gas emission and reuse the waste heat of the flue gas during the sintering process (Nilles, 1996, Ikehara et al., 1996).Up to now, four main types of FGR methods, including EOS (Emission Optimization System) (Current, 1979), Exhaust gas recirculation of Nippon
Customer ServiceMeanwhile, rational utilization of spent power lithium-ion batteries can reduce the production of new batteries which reduce energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. What''s more, as for social benefits, cascade utilization for lithium-ion batteries may provide some employment opportunities
Customer ServiceThese efforts are crucial for minimizing waste, reducing the demand for virgin materials, and lessening the environmental impact of battery production . Establishing a
Customer ServiceTo improve the effects of solid-state sintering, Meng et al. (2019) regenerated waste lithium manganese phosphate batteries using a combination of mechanical liquid-phase activation and a single-step solid-state heat treatment. Instead of removing, they utilized the
Customer ServiceThe low sintering temperature during cold sintering enables co-sintering of ceramics, lithium salts, and polymers without compromising their active properties. We mimic an extreme extent of mechanical degradation, one of the main degradation channels in all-solid-state electrolyte batteries, by breaking electrolytes into pieces through grinding.
Customer ServiceBy delving into the fundamental principles of sintering, we illustrate the substantial potential of these innovative methods in shaping the future of energy storage technologies. These techniques are instrumental in streamlining the manufacturing process of solid-state batteries, making them more efficient and sustainable.
Customer ServiceThe main principle of the intensified sintering with COG is that a certain amount of coke oven gas is pumped into the sintering layer under negative pressure and achieves high temperature in the combustion zone. Thus, the combustion zone of sintering is widened to a certain extent, which makes the high-temperature duration of sintered ore relatively longer and
Customer ServiceAs the demand for batteries continues to surge in various industries, effective recycling of used batteries has become crucial to mitigate environmental hazards and promote a sustainable...
Customer ServiceAs the demand for batteries continues to surge in various industries, effective recycling of used batteries has become crucial to mitigate environmental hazards and promote a sustainable...
Customer ServiceEnhanced leaching techniques, such as ultrasonically assisted leaching, improve the efficiency of metal recovery using eco-friendly solvents. Additionally, closed-loop recycling systems, which aim to recover and reuse all battery components, are being developed to minimize waste and reduce the need for new raw materials.
The introduction of direct recycling, electrohydraulic fragmentation, enhanced leaching techniques, and closed-loop recycling systems not only meets the immediate needs of the recycling industry but also establishes a new benchmark for environmental stewardship across the entire life cycle of battery technologies.
The solid-state sintering method involves incorporating a precise amount of lithium supplement into the cathode material of S-LIBs, followed by high-temperature annealing to replenish lithium, repair material defects, and restore the material structure (Wu et al., 2023).
This allows electrons to flow out from the negative terminal of the battery, through the resistor, and return to the battery through the positive terminal. The flowing out of the electrons from the battery gradually depletes the chemical energy of the electrolyte thereby draining the battery.
As shown in Fig. 1 (a), cathode materials account for 30 % of the battery production cost and 8 % of the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (CO 2 e) from battery production.
With the observed variations in the GHG emissions of batteries and the significant contributions of cell materials in the overall battery emissions [ 15, 16, 17 ], it is therefore important to re-assess the emissions of key raw material value chains.
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