This research considers both the equilibration period and the battery operating current. The State of Charge (SOC), current, and equalization current of batteries are all limited. Based on the existing multi-layer
Customer ServiceIn this paper, a double-layer equalization method is proposed, which combines the reconfigurable topology with the converter active equalization method. The inner layer uses the reconfigurable topology to have a balanced
Customer ServiceIn order to maximize the performance of the equalizer, this paper proposes an equalization strategy based on reinforcement learning algorithm to reduce the equalization time. Under the simulation environment of MATLAB/Simulink, the equalization experiments under different working conditions are designed.
Customer Serviceother types of batteries, the lithium-ion battery has the benefit of greater energy density, longer cycle life, and higher discharge rate [3]. Therefore, the lithium-ion battery is broadly used in EVs. Battery pack is the critical component of EVs and determines the driving range. To meet EV''s huge energy demand, battery packs usually
Customer ServiceA systematic approach to the analysis and design of a bi-directional Cûk converter for the cell voltage balancing control of a series-connected lithium-ion battery string is presented in this paper.
Customer ServiceFor PV-lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, the passive equalization circuit and control strategy are used to equalize high-performance batteries and to obtain
Customer ServiceCurrent equalization strategies can be classified as two groups: passive equalization strategies and active equalization strategies. In passive equalization strategies, the portion of cell-level energy above that of the lowest cell is all consumed through resistors or transistors (E et al., 2022).
Customer ServiceIn order to maximize the performance of the equalizer, this paper proposes an equalization strategy based on reinforcement learning algorithm to reduce the equalization
Customer ServiceOur work clearly demonstrates the conveniences and great potential of data-driven residual capacity online estimation in battery pack active equalization, where both repeated equalization variable estimation and possibly enormous computational cost existing in current equalization strategies can be thoroughly avoided.
Customer ServiceTo avoid battery damage from excessive current during equalization, the maximum current supplied to the battery should be below the peak current. The equalization circuit is designed as a hierarchical structure by considering that the current of different layers may superimpose on the battery. The inductor peak current of the equalization unit
Customer ServiceIn this paper, we propose a high-performance equalization control strategy based on the equalization data of the general equalization strategy, which turns on the equalization again after the equalization is completed and uses the equalization time instead of the battery voltage as the indicator.
Customer ServiceFor PV-lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, the passive equalization circuit and control strategy are used to equalize high-performance batteries and to obtain excellent temperature rise performance by sacrificing equalization speed, which is not a disadvantage because the system can run for 24 h a day. For active equalization circuits
Customer ServiceSpecifically, the maximum amount of equalized electricity in equalization is approximately 10% of the SOC (SOC at 4.000 V is 80.5% and 4.100 V is 91% of the SOC), and has adequate electricity that a cell needs for equalization, even if the equalization condition is reached after several months. Besides, the length of the sampling voltage interval is 100 mV,
Customer ServicePack capacity and consistency in the fresh or aged state are significantly improved after battery equalization. In the real battery module experiment, the maximum
Customer ServiceAbstract: For improved utilization, Lithium-ion batteries are operated with currents close to the design current of the battery, demanding fast voltage equalization. Active multicell-to-multicell equalizers can achieve fast equalization by simultaneous and efficient charge transfer from all
Customer ServiceAiming at the energy inconsistency of each battery during the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a bidirectional active equalization topology of lithium battery packs based on energy transfer was constructed, and a bivariate equalization control strategy of adjacent SOC difference and voltage is proposed according to the corresponding
Customer ServiceOur work clearly demonstrates the conveniences and great potential of data-driven residual capacity online estimation in battery pack active equalization, where both
Customer ServiceLithium-based based batteries cannot be equalized by an overcharge, so alternative methods are required. This paper discusses several cell-balancing methodologies. Active cell balancing methods remove charge from one or more high cells and deliver the
Customer ServiceIn this paper, a double-layer equalization method is proposed, which combines the reconfigurable topology with the converter active equalization method. The inner layer uses the reconfigurable topology to have a balanced set of battery cells.
Customer ServicePack capacity and consistency in the fresh or aged state are significantly improved after battery equalization. In the real battery module experiment, the maximum absolute errors of open circuit voltage (OCV) and state of charge (SOC) are 21.9 mV and 1.86%, and the capacity is improved by 13.03%.
Customer ServiceLithium-based based batteries cannot be equalized by an overcharge, so alternative methods are required. This paper discusses several cell-balancing methodologies. Active cell balancing
Customer ServiceThe equalization technique is a key technique in the secondary utilization of retired batteries. In this paper, a double-layer equalization method is proposed, which combines the reconfigurable topology with the converter
Customer ServiceThe charging of lithium-ion battery is executed by constant current- constant voltage (CC-CV) charge PI control process. In the proposed technique, the PSO algorithm is used to attain the best and
Customer ServiceIn this paper, we propose a high-performance equalization control strategy based on the equalization data of the general equalization strategy, which turns on the
Customer ServiceBattery chemistry: Different battery chemistries (e.g., lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride) have unique characteristics and balancing requirements. Number of cells: The balancing system becomes more complex with the number of cells in the battery pack. Balancing method: Choose active and passive balancing techniques based on the application
Customer ServiceAs shown in Figure 11(a), the figure identifies 1 is the drive power module, mainly used for charging each battery in the battery pack; 2 for the electronic load module, model N3305A0 DC electronic load on lithium batteries for constant current discharge operation, input current range of 0–60 A, voltage range of 0–150 V, measurement accuracy of 0.02%; 3 for the
Customer ServiceDuring the whole cycle, the maximum current in the inductor is shown in Eq. (2). (2) so the constant duty cycle of the switching tubes of the multilayer lithium-ion battery equalization circuit designed in this paper is set to 0.45 under the FLC strategy. The PWM transient drive waveform for the current is shown in Fig. 16. Download: Download high-res
Customer ServiceThis research considers both the equilibration period and the battery operating current. The State of Charge (SOC), current, and equalization current of batteries are all limited. Based on the existing multi-layer equalization model, the equalization current of the equalizer was tuned with restrictions. It can equalize multiple batteries
Customer ServiceAbstract: For improved utilization, Lithium-ion batteries are operated with currents close to the design current of the battery, demanding fast voltage equalization. Active multicell-to-multicell equalizers can achieve fast equalization by simultaneous and efficient charge transfer from all the overcharged cells to all the undercharged cells
Customer ServiceAiming at the energy inconsistency of each battery during the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a bidirectional active equalization topology of lithium battery packs based on
Customer ServiceThe equalization technique is essential to eliminate the influence of more discrete voltage, internal resistance, and capacity to ensure the available capacity and safety of the battery pack. The equalization methods of lithium-ion batteries can be divided into active methods and passive methods.
The equalization methods of lithium-ion batteries can be divided into active methods and passive methods. Passive methods use resistors connected in parallel with the batteries to dissipate excess electricity to balance the battery pack [ 13 ].
The goal of equalization is to increase the battery pack’s consistency as well as the battery pack’s real capacity. The higher the equalization efficiency, the shorter the battery equalization time. The balancing goal can be formulated as: where represents the SOC of the ith battery, the battery pack has 2 n batteries in total, .
Limited by the “weakest cell”, the maximum available capacity of battery pack without equalization in Case 1 and Case 2 are only about 642mAh and 588mAh, respectively. With the designed equalization strategy, the maximum available capacity of battery pack in those two cases can be further improved 10.29% and 10.25%, respectively.
Based on the existing multi-layer equalization model, the equalization current of the equalizer was tuned with restrictions. It can equalize multiple batteries simultaneously and ensure the normal operation of the batteries. A layered control strategy was then found to solve the optimal equalization current of the equalizer layer by layer.
The current battery equalization technologies are mainly passive equalization and active equalization . Passive equalization only needs to dissipate the energy of the high state of charge (SOC) battery through the equalization resistor to achieve the goal of battery equalization .
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