This work presents results of life cycle assessments concerning the environmental burdens associated with the production of novel electrode batteries and the impacts of the Chinese domination in lithium-ion battery manufacturing. The production of LIBs in China was shown to come at a high environmental cost of 40% higher Global Warming
Customer ServiceNickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as the dominant choice in the battery industry. Further performance improvements are expected from the introduction of silicon-graphite composite anodes and nickel-rich cathodes alongside cost reductions achieved through upscaling the battery manufacturing. This work presents
Customer ServiceIn the previous study, environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a concern due the large-scale production and application. The present paper aims to quantify the potential environmental impacts of LIBs in terms of life cycle assessment. Three different batteries are compared in this study: lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, lithium
Customer ServiceThis paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles (BEV-LDCV) used for
Customer ServiceHence, among these eight batteries environmental impacts evaluation, the NaFePO 4 /C battery is regarded as the superior "green" battery, albeit the current application is restricted because of the synthesis limitation on large scale and energy density of storage.
Customer ServiceNickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as the dominant choice in the battery industry. Further performance improvements are expected from the...
Customer ServiceThis work presents results of life cycle assessments concerning the environmental burdens associated with the production of novel electrode batteries and the impacts of the Chinese domination in lithium-ion battery manufacturing. The production of LIBs in China was shown to come at a high environmental cost of 40% higher Global Warming
Customer ServiceNickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as dominant choices in the battery industry. This work presents a life cycle assessment of recycled NCM...
Customer ServiceNMC batteries offer significant environmental benefits when recycled, especially due to the carbon footprint of the positive electrode material, while the carbon footprint benefit of recycling LFP
Customer ServiceNickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as dominant choices in the battery industry. This work presents a life cycle assessment of
Customer ServiceThis paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty
Customer ServiceHence, among these eight batteries environmental impacts evaluation, the NaFePO 4 /C battery is regarded as the superior "green" battery, albeit the current application
Customer ServiceThe life cycle assessment of three mainstream hydrometallurgical routes for nickel-manganese-cobalt batteries is performed. Environmental protection potential of battery remanufacturing is assessed. Carbon footprints of the recycling and remanufacturing under various scenarios are calculated and predicted in China.
Customer ServiceThis paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles (BEV-LDCV) used for urban and
Customer ServiceIn this study, we aim to quantify the life cycle environmental impacts of NCM 622 batteries for electric passenger vehicles using the primary data collected from the latest
Customer ServiceIn addition to battery cells, an EV battery system contains other 28th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering Comparing the environmental performance of industrial recycling routes for lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide 111 vehicle batteries Mohammad Abdelbakya*, Lilian Schwichb, Eleonora Crennac, Jef R. Peetersa, Roland Hischierc, Bernd
Customer ServiceThis review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the electrode materials used for Li-ion batteries. Key electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been explored and the associated challenges and advancements have been discussed. Through an extensive literature review, the current state of research and future developments related to Li-ion battery
Customer ServiceAt the same time, in addition to the electrode materials, other components of the rechargeable batteries, such as current collector, separator and electrolytes, should be optimized to improve the overall performance of the batteries. This review would provide important guiding principle for designing high-performance electrode particulate materials.
Customer ServiceSix environmental impact categories, including primary energy demand (PED), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidant creation
Customer ServiceLithium batteries from consumer electronics contain anode and cathode material (Figure 1) and, as shown in Figure 2 (Chen et al., 2019), some of the main materials used to manufacture LIBs are lithium, graphite and cobalt in which their production is dominated by a few countries.More than 70% of the lithium used in batteries is from Australia and Chile whereas
Customer ServiceTwo types of solid solution are known in the cathode material of the lithium-ion battery. One type is that two end members are electroactive, such as LiCo x Ni 1−x O 2, which is a solid solution composed of LiCoO 2 and LiNiO 2.The other type has one electroactive material in two end members, such as LiNiO 2 –Li 2 MnO 3 solid solution. LiCoO 2, LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2, LiCrO 2,
Customer ServiceIn this study, we aim to quantify the life cycle environmental impacts of NCM 622 batteries for electric passenger vehicles using the primary data collected from the latest and representative onsite investigations in China covering material production, LIB production and battery recycling plants.
Customer ServiceThis paper presents the results of an environmental assessment of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-ion traction battery for Battery Electric Light-Duty Commercial Vehicles (BEV-LDCV) used for urban and regional freight haulage. A cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of NMC111 is provided, operation and end-of-life stages
Customer ServiceThis work presents results of life cycle assessments concerning the environmental burdens associated with the production of novel electrode batteries and the impacts of the Chinese
Customer ServiceNickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as the dominant choice in the battery industry. Further performance improvements are expected
Customer ServiceAs an important part of electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery packs will have a certain environmental impact in the use stage. To analyze the comprehensive environmental impact, 11 lithium-ion
Customer ServiceSix environmental impact categories, including primary energy demand (PED), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP),...
Customer ServiceRecycling valuable materials from the cathodes of spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review. Sezgin Yasa, Metin Gencten, in Journal of Energy Storage, 2023. 3.4 Recovery of cathode materials from spent NMC batteries. Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2, NMC) is a promising group of LIB cathode materials with the high specific capacity it
Customer ServiceThe life cycle assessment of three mainstream hydrometallurgical routes for nickel-manganese-cobalt batteries is performed. Environmental protection potential of battery
Customer ServiceThe life cycle assessment of three mainstream hydrometallurgical routes for nickel-manganese-cobalt batteries is performed. Environmental protection potential of battery remanufacturing is assessed. Carbon footprints of the recycling and remanufacturing under various scenarios are calculated and predicted in China.
The environmental impact of the NMC battery has been analysed considering all of the product life cycle stages, including the amount of electricity lost during the recharging phase along the lifespan of the battery and the battery EoL.
The recycling process (red bar) accounts for about 6% of EP, mainly due to the use of electricity (41%) and Sodium Hydroxide (15%). Credits (yellow bar) significantly lower the total impact (−18%), because of the avoided production of Nickel, Copper and Aluminium. Figure 4 reports a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of the NMC111 battery.
The production stage is the main contributor to the total impact in all the impact categories. The main factors responsible for the production impact of the NMC111 battery are Nickel, Aluminium, Copper, Cobalt, and Energy demand.
The results show that the NMC111 battery has the highest impacts from production in most of the impact categories. Active cathode material, Aluminium, Copper, and energy use for battery production are the main contributors to the environmental impact.
For the PED and GWP, the cathode active material (NCM 622) and wrought aluminum are the top two contributors, together accounting for around 75% of the battery materials. 60% of the AP, more than 40% of the PED and GWP is contributed by the NCM 622.
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