Electrical stimulation therapy (EST) of the lower esophageal sphincter is a relatively new technique for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that may address the need of GERD patients, unsatisfied with acid suppressive medication and concerned with the potential risks of surgical fundoplication. In this paper we review
Customer ServiceAmbulatory 24-hour pH monitoring, first introduced in 1974, was developed to detect abnormal levels of acid reflux in the lower esophagus. 4,5 Conventional pH monitoring requires a nasopharyngeal catheter with pH electrode placed 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter to document distal esophageal acid exposure and correlate this with reflux
Customer ServiceThe aim of our work was to design and manufacture a miniature, battery-less stimulator to provide electric stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which could be
Customer ServiceIt is therefore incorrect to state that the electrons move from Cathode to Anode during the recharging process. The – and + electrodes (terminals) however stay put. For example, in a typical Lithium ion cobalt oxide battery, graphite is the –
Customer ServiceThis technique provides information on distal esophageal acid exposure and also is able to assess symptoms associated with acid reflux episodes. A widely used system in humans is the Bravo system. It includes a small capsule (26 mm × 5.5 mm × 6.5 mm) containing an antimony pH electrode with internal reference, miniaturized electronics with radiofrequency
Customer ServiceResults thus far show that the therapy is associated with a significant improvement in symptoms, a significant reduction in esophageal acid exposure, and a very good safety profile. This review will describe the evolution of electrical stimulation therapy for GERD, as well as the safety and efficacy of this intervention.
Customer ServiceEndoscopy provides a powerful tool for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases such as stomach ulcers (Kobayashi et al., 2012), stomach cancer (Ahn et al., 2009), and acid-reflux disease (Shaheen et al., 2012).Recently, the development of a pill-sized capsule with an integrated camera, battery, sensors and actuators has provided a painless wireless
Customer Service1 Introduction. In 1800, the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invented voltaic piles (cells) that consisted of copper and zinc disks for the electrodes and a layer of cloth or cardboard soaked in brine for a separator, which successfully produced a continuous and stable current. [] This apparatus is the prototype for a rechargeable battery based on reversible
Customer ServiceThe aim of our work was to design and manufacture a miniature, battery-less stimulator to provide electric stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which could be implanted deep into the submucosa of the distal esophagus.
Customer ServiceAmbulatory pH monitoring detects abnormal levels of acid reflux in the oesophagus and can be used to correlate patients'' symptoms with oesophageal acid
Customer ServiceThe Bravo capsule contains an antimony pH electrode with an internal reference electrode, a battery, and a transmitter all encapsulated in epoxy. It measures 6 mm × 5.5 mm
Customer ServiceThe electrode should be electrochemically stable in the operating potential window of VRFB. The electrochemical activity of electrode affects the charge-discharge voltages and consequently the voltage efficiency during battery cycle operation. The electrode must have high electrical conductivity to increase the charge transfer speed. The charge
Customer ServiceOur study suggested that JSPH-1 pH capsule is feasible, safe, well tolerated for monitoring reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), therefore it may serve as an important tool for the diagnosis of GERD.
Customer ServiceOur study suggested that JSPH-1 pH capsule is feasible, safe, well tolerated for monitoring reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), therefore it may serve as an
Customer ServiceElectrical stimulation therapy (EST) of the lower esophageal sphincter is a relatively new technique for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that may address the
Customer ServiceThis review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the electrode materials used for Li-ion batteries. Key electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been explored and the associated challenges and advancements have been discussed. Through an extensive literature review, the current state of research and future developments related to Li-ion battery
Customer ServiceAmbulatory 24-hour pH monitoring, first introduced in 1974, was developed to detect abnormal levels of acid reflux in the lower esophagus. 4,5 Conventional pH monitoring requires a nasopharyngeal catheter with pH electrode placed 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter
Customer ServiceThe improved comfort and patient acceptance of the wireless pH monitoring together with fixed position of the pH electrode relative to the oesophageal mucosa allow for longer data acquisition and thus, optimize
Customer ServiceGastroesophageal reflux monitoring using pH electrodes is an important tool in evaluating patients with GERD symptoms not taking acid-suppressive therapy, and the...
Customer ServiceThe investigations showed that the batteries caused an electrolysis reaction in the moist environment. The positive electrode formed an acidic and the negative electrode a basic medium. Consequently, a coagulation necrosis at the positive pole, and a deep colliquation necrosis at the minus pole occurred. After an exposure time of 12
Customer ServiceLead-acid batteries (LABs) have been a kind of indispensable and mass-produced secondary chemical power source because of their mature production process, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and recyclability [1,2,3] the last few decades, with the development of electric vehicles and intermittent renewable energy technologies, secondary batteries such
Customer ServiceAmbulatory pH monitoring detects abnormal levels of acid reflux in the oesophagus and can be used to correlate patients'' symptoms with oesophageal acid exposure. Catheter-based pH testing has several limitations, including issues of sensitivity, specificity, tolerability and the inability to record non-acid reflux events.
Customer ServiceThe investigations showed that the batteries caused an electrolysis reaction in the moist environment. The positive electrode formed an acidic and the negative electrode a basic
Customer ServiceWhen acid creeps into places it doesn''t belong, you''re bound to feel it. Acid irritates and inflames the tissues inside your esophagus, which runs from your stomach up through your chest to your throat.. Almost everyone has
Customer ServiceTo probe the electrode properties of the hybrid battery, we first evaluated the performance of each electrode in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 at 25 °C using a standard three-electrode system. In the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) shown in Fig. 2 (a), the redox potentials of Pb/PbSO 4 and PbO 2 /PbSO 4 conversions reached the fastest point at −0.3 and 1.75 V vs. reversible
Customer ServiceThe Bravo capsule contains an antimony pH electrode with an internal reference electrode, a battery, and a transmitter all encapsulated in epoxy. It measures 6 mm × 5.5 mm × 25 mm. The data from the capsule are transmitted at a frequency of 433 MHz and the capsule measures pH at 6-second sampling intervals. The two main advantages
Customer ServiceAcid reflux is when the esophagus (the tube carrying food from the mouth to the stomach) becomes irritated by stomach acid or bile (a fluid used for digestion). It is a common condition that causes symptoms of pain in the chest after eating, regurgitation, problems swallowing, and the feeling of a lump in the throat.
Customer ServiceThe improved comfort and patient acceptance of the wireless pH monitoring together with fixed position of the pH electrode relative to the oesophageal mucosa allow for longer data acquisition and thus, optimize oesophageal acid exposure detection and symptom-reflux correlation.
Customer ServiceResults thus far show that the therapy is associated with a significant improvement in symptoms, a significant reduction in esophageal acid exposure, and a very
Customer ServiceEffect of electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter using endoscopically implanted temporary stimulation leads in patients with reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:1003–1009. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar]
The results of these studies suggest that electrical stimulation of the LES and modulation of LES pressure may be used to treat GERD, and paved the way for subsequent application of such modality in humans.
Acid suppression therapy, provided primarily in the form of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), remains the mainstay of medical therapy for GERD. The various PPI agents have revolutionized the treatment of GERD, given their remarkable efficacy and overall safety over the years.
Wireless pH monitoring improves patient comfort during monitoring and allows monitoring gastroesophageal reflux over extended (i.e., 48 to 72 hours) periods of time. Still, the information gathered by these systems is limited to pH data only.
Early on, Ellis et al implanted two pairs of electrodes along the longitudinal axis of the LES in normal dogs and in animals in which the integrity of the gastroesophageal junction as a barrier to reflux was compromised by myotomy and the creation of a hiatal hernia.
Change in distal esophageal acid exposure while on electrical stimulation therapy. Notes: Distal esophageal acid exposure at both 3 and 6 months was reduced as compared to baseline. After 6 months, 63% of patients had either normalized or improved their distal esophageal acid exposure by at least 50% while on lower esophageal sphincter stimulation.
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